Approach to Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) PALM-COEIN
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB) — FIGO Updates หมายเหตุ : ระบบ “PALM-COEIN” ของ FIGO ถูกนำมาใช้ครั้งแรกในปี ค.ศ. 2011...
Approach to Lower Abdominal Pain and Abnormal Vaginal Discharge
Taking History in Gynecology: Lower Abdominal Pain and Abnormal Vaginal Discharge (Part 1) 1. Chief Complaint (CC) อาการหลัก (Main...
Syphilis Non-Pregnant Patients VS. Pregnant Patients and Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Syphilis, caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum , is a sexually transmitted infection that progresses through distinct clinical...
Molar Pregnancy (Hydatidiform Mole) – “ครรภ์ไข่ปลาอุก” Follow up β-hCG
Short Recap: “After uterine evacuation, measure β-hCG weekly until undetectable for three consecutive weeks, then monthly for 6–12 months...
Management of Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM) and Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM)
Introduction Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is defined as the rupture of the amniotic membranes prior to the onset of labor at any...
Preeclampsia Prevention and Preeclampsia with or without Severe Features Management, Eclampsia Management, and Risk Preeclampsia
Preeclampsia Prevention: Risk Levels, Risk Factors, and Recommendations 1. High-Risk Factors History of preeclampsia , especially if it...
Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia
Understanding Preeclampsia Made Simple 1. The Setup: Risk Factors Some women have conditions that make them more likely to get...
Bart’s Hydrops Fetalis: A Comprehensive Overview for Antenatal Care Settings (ANC)
High-Yield Recap: Bart’s Hydrops Fetalis in ANC Key Ultrasound Signs of Bart’s Hydrops Fetalis (Where can water leak to?) Diffuse Skin...
Weight Gain Recommendations During Pregnancy
Understanding maternal weight gain during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring both maternal and fetal health. Excessive or insufficient...
Time Expansion Experience (TEE): Medical Context and Diagnostic Considerations
Introduction Time Expansion Experience (TEE) is a fascinating phenomenon where individuals perceive time as passing more slowly than it...
Cynicism: A Historical, Psychological, and Societal Perspective
Cynicism, a term rooted in ancient philosophy, has evolved significantly in its meaning and implications over centuries. From its origins...
A Clinical Guide to Acute Heart Failure: The “Warm-Wet, Cold-Wet, Warm-Dry, Cold-Dry” Approach
Below is a concise, structured table outlining the key features and initial management for each of the four acute heart failure profiles...
Heart Failure Management with ACEIs, ARBs, Beta-Blockers, Diuretics, and Digoxin
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome characterized by the heart’s inability to pump blood sufficiently to meet the metabolic...
Pneumonia vs. Pneumonitis: Comprehensive Guide for Diagnosis, Management, and Drug Dosing
1. Key Definitions 1.1 Pneumonia Definition : An infectious process involving the lung parenchyma (alveoli, interstitium), leading to...
OSCE: Pelvic (PV) Examination with Speculum and Bimanual Examination
Pelvic (PV) Examination OSCE Checklist Step Action Notes / Rationale 1. Preparation - Wash hands (or use alcohol gel). - Gather...
Carbamate and Organophosphate Intoxication: Understanding Cholinergic Toxicity from Organophosphate and Carbamate compounds by Mnemonics SLUDGE and DUMBBELLS with 3 Killer B's
Introduction Organophosphate and carbamate compounds are widely used as pesticides, but exposure to these substances can lead to...
Urinary tract infections (UTI) Management for OPD and IPD
1. Introduction Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections seen in clinical practice. They are particularly prevalent in: Women of reproductive age Older adults Individuals with risk factors , such as: Diabetes mellitus Urinary tract obstruction (e.g., kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia) Indwelling urinary catheters (e.g., Foley’s catheters) Patients in these groups have a higher risk of complications and may require hospital adm
OSCE: Nasogastric (NG) Tube Insertion: A Step-by-Step
Step Key Points 1. Indications - Enteral feeding/medication when oral route is unsafe - Gastric decompression (e.g. in bowel...
Hypertension in Pregnancy (primarily ACOG) Chronic Hypertension, Gestational Hypertension, Preeclampsia, Superimposed Preeclampsia with Severe Features, HELLP Syndrome, and Eclampsia
Introduction Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. They...
ซิฟิลิสในสตรีตั้งครรภ์ (Syphilis in Pregnancy) Lab FTA-ABS or TPPA Then RPR/VDRL And Syphilis Management: Treatment with Benzathine Penicillin G
1. Etiology and Overview Causative Agent : Treponema pallidum, a spirochete transmitted primarily through sexual contact, or vertically...
Checklist for High-Risk Factors of Preeclampsia Requiring Aspirin Prophylaxis
Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication that can affect both maternal and fetal health. Based on your specified focus, here is a...
Ultrasound Anomaly: Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) vs. Deepest Vertical Pocket (DVP)
Introduction The assessment of amniotic fluid levels during pregnancy is crucial for fetal well-being. Two main methods are employed:...
การนับ GA aka. อายุครรภ์ (Gestational Age) และการปรับแก้ด้วย Ultrasound ตาม ACOG [Gestational Age (GA) Calculation and Adjustment] & Methods of Gestational Age Calculation: Naegele’s Rule
Accurately determining gestational age (GA) is a cornerstone of prenatal care. It influences clinical decisions ranging from nutritional...