Neurochemistry of Sex: Why Men Crash and Women Bond After Orgasm

🧠 Key Neurotransmitters Released During Sexual Activity and Orgasm

1. Dopamine

• Function: The "reward" neurotransmitter; associated with pleasure, motivation, and reinforcement learning.

• Peak: High during arousal and orgasm.

• Aftermath: Sharp drop after ejaculation, especially in males. This dopamine "crash" can lead to feelings of emptiness, sadness, or regret, a phenomenon known as post-coital dysphoria (PCD).
  

2. Oxytocin

• Function: Promotes bonding, trust, and emotional closeness; also stimulates uterine contractions in women.

• Peak: Released heavily at orgasm, especially in females, contributing to intimacy and satisfaction.

• Aftermath: Sustains feelings of closeness in both sexes, but more dominant in women, potentially buffering against post-orgasmic negative moods.
  

3. Serotonin

• Function: Inhibits ejaculation in men and contributes to mood regulation.

• Peak: Increases during sex, especially after orgasm.

• Aftermath: May contribute to a sense of satiety and reduced sexual desire, especially in men.
  

4. Prolactin

• Function: Strongly inhibitory to sexual desire; promotes refractory period in men.

• Peak: Surges after ejaculation in males, suppressing sexual arousal.

• Aftermath: Believed to induce the "post-nut clarity" or even feelings of guilt and detachment. Women do not exhibit such sharp prolactin surges unless they are lactating.
  

5. Endorphins

• Function: Natural painkillers; induce relaxation and euphoria.

• Peak: During orgasm.

• Aftermath: Short-lasting, may quickly wear off and contribute to the emotional low in some men.

---

🧬 Why Men May Feel "Bad" After Ejaculation (and Women Usually Don’t)

🧍‍♂️ In Males

• Dopamine drops rapidly → leading to emotional detachment.

• Prolactin surges → suppresses sexual desire and increases emotional flatness.

• Evolutionary perspective: Detachment post-intercourse may have favored survival by encouraging movement on to new mates.

🧍‍♀️ In Females

• Sustained oxytocin levels → promote bonding and a positive emotional state.

• No significant post-orgasm prolactin surge → maintains libido and emotional steadiness.

• Higher baseline serotonin → buffers mood swings better post-orgasm.
  

---

📚 Summary Table

Neurotransmitter	Function During Sex	Post-Sex Effects	Difference in M vs F
Dopamine	Reward, motivation	Crashes post-orgasm → dysphoria (M)	Higher impact in M
Oxytocin	Bonding, pleasure	Sustained intimacy (F)	Higher in F
Serotonin	Mood stabilization	Satiety, less desire (M > F)	Moderated by F hormones
Prolactin	Satiety, suppress libido	Post-ejaculation fatigue, PCD	Spikes in M only
Endorphins	Pleasure, analgesia	Short euphoria → wear off	Similar in both

---

🔍 Bonus: Post-Coital Dysphoria (PCD)

• Seen more in men due to neurochemical shifts.

• Symptoms: Sadness, irritability, guilt, anxiety.

• Usually transient but may signal underlying psychological or relational issues if persistent.