Concept of Trial Analysis: Aligning Methods with Clinical Intent
🔍 Introduction Clinical trials are the cornerstone of therapeutic evidence, yet the way data are analyzed often determines what the...
Essential Stata Commands for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics [Stata 18 Beginner Command Guide]
Stage of Analysis Stata Command(s) Import & Manage Data use, import excel, label variable, gen, drop, recode Explore Structure / Counts...
Exclusions in Randomized Controlled Trials: Principles, Pitfalls, and Practice
Introduction Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard in clinical research, designed to generate unbiased estimates of...
Interpreting Clinical Trial Results with the DESCRibe Method: From Data to Decisions
Introduction The purpose of a clinical trial is not just to generate numbers, but to provide meaningful, interpretable answers to...
How to Read and Appraise a Therapeutic Trial Like a Clinical Epidemiologist
Introduction Navigating a therapeutic clinical study isn’t just about reading results—it's about reverse-engineering the trial’s logic,...
Blinding in RCTs: Protecting Trial Integrity Beyond Randomization
🧪 Table: Blinding Tiers in Clinical Trials – Who, Why, and How Blinding Tier Blinded Role Why It Matters Example Scenario Single-Blind...
Allocation Concealment in RCTs: Securing the Integrity of Randomization
Introduction When we think about bias control in clinical trials, blinding often steals the spotlight. But there's a quieter hero in the...
Random Sequence Generation in RCTs: Building the Foundation for Causal Inference
Introduction Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) represent the gold standard in therapeutic research, serving as the most robust design...
The Hidden Threat: Interstitial Lung Cancers and Lymphangitic Carcinomatosis
Introduction Lung cancers are typically associated with discrete masses or nodular opacities visible on imaging. However, a subset of...
Why PROBAST Is Essential: A Clinical Guide to Evaluating Prediction Models
🌟 Why PROBAST Matters Clinical prediction models (CPMs) are the backbone of precision medicine, from ER sepsis alerts to oncology...
Therapeutic Research on Unintended Effects: A Framework for Studying Harm
Introduction: Why Research Harms Matters Therapeutic research is often lauded for its ability to demonstrate benefit, but equally...
Therapeutic Research on Intended Effects: Causal Clarity with or without Randomization
Introduction: Why Therapeutic Research Anchors Clinical Action Therapeutic research sits at the core of clinical epidemiology—designed to...
How to Order Metoprolol (Metropol) in a Patient Chart: Dosing, Formulations, and Clinical Use
📌 Why Focus on Metoprolol? Your previous article offered a thorough overview of first-line antihypertensive therapies. However,...
Aphthous Ulcer Treatment Guide: Causes, Symptoms, and Relief Strategies
🧠 Definition & Terminology Aphthous ulcers, commonly known as canker sores, are benign, non-infectious, ulcerative lesions of the oral...
Neurochemistry of Sex: Why Men Crash and Women Bond After Orgasm
🧠 Key Neurotransmitters Released During Sexual Activity and Orgasm 1. Dopamine • Function: The "reward" neurotransmitter; associated...
How to Critically Appraise Prognostic Factor Studies Using the QUIPS Tool
Introduction Prognostic Factor (PF) studies help clinicians predict what will happen to patients who already have a disease. They are...
How to Use QUADAS-2 for Appraising Diagnostic Accuracy Studies
Introduction Diagnostic tests are the cornerstone of clinical decision-making, guiding treatments, prognoses, and sometimes even patient...
Data Governance for Ethical Research: Frameworks, Consent Models, and IRB Readiness
🔑 What Is Data Governance? Data governance is the system that makes ethical use of data traceable, auditable, and compliant. It tells...
Clinical Research Ethics and Informed Consent: Principles, Practices, and Protections
Introduction Clinical epidemiology, the backbone of evidence-based healthcare, relies heavily on research involving human participants....
Reporting Clinical Prediction Models: A Guided Tour Through TRIPOD and TRIPOD-AI: TRIPOD+AI: Modern Guidelines for Transparent and Fair Prediction Model Reporting
🧭 Introduction: Why Complete Reporting Matters More Than Ever Every year, researchers develop thousands of clinical prediction models...
TRIPOD and PROBAST: Ensuring Transparent and Trustworthy Clinical Prediction Models
🧭 Introduction: Why Reporting and Risk of Bias Matter In the world of clinical prediction models (CPMs), generating a risk score isn’t...
The Full Lifecycle of Clinical Prediction Rules (CPRs): From Derivation to Implementation
Explore the complete lifecycle of Clinical Prediction Rules (CPRs)—from derivation to implementation. Learn how validation, refinement, and real-world testing transform CPRs into trusted clinical tools.
Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism: TSH >10 mIU/L and Levothyroxine Therapy Guidelines
1. Introduction: Understanding Subclinical Hypothyroidism Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined biochemically by elevated...
Thrombolysis in Stroke: rtPA Eligibility Criteria and Protocol for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Introduction Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide. One of the most critical interventions...