What Is a Systematic Search? And Check Keyword validation and Noise
🔍 Definition: What Is a Systematic Search? A systematic search is a methodologically rigorous, comprehensive, and transparent process...
IV Fluids in Pancreatitis: Why Acute Needs It and Chronic Doesn’t
1. Acute Pancreatitis: Why IV Hydration Is Essential Pathophysiology Acute pancreatic inflammation → release of inflammatory mediators →...
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis: Diagnosis and Management Essentials
I. Acute Pancreatitis 1. Diagnosis Based on Revised Atlanta Criteria (2012) — diagnosis requires ≥2 of 3 : Typical abdominal pain :...
Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials: Understanding Selection, Performance, Detection, and Attrition Bias
Bias Type Dimension Explanation Selection Bias External Validity Evaluate inclusion/exclusion criteria —do they represent the target...
Containers and Kubernetes Explained: From Takeaway Boxes to Cloud Scalability
1. Introduction Modern applications need to run reliably across different environments: laptops, servers, or cloud platforms. This is...
Synkinesis Syndromes: When Nerves Misfire After Injury
Abstract Peripheral and cranial nerve injuries may paradoxically lead not only to functional deficits but also to aberrant reinnervation....
Chikungunya Fever: Diagnosis, Differentials, and Management Guidelines
1. 👁️🗨️ Signs & Symptoms (Clinical Presentation) System Findings Systemic High-grade fever (acute onset), chills Musculoskeletal...
Hordeolum (Stye): Diagnosis, Management & Referral Guidelines
✅ Diagnosis Criteria A clinical diagnosis based on history and physical examination . 🔍 Diagnostic Features: Feature Description Onset...
Allopurinol in Gout: When to Start, How to Dose, and When to Stop
Introduction If you’ve ever treated or studied gout , you’ve met allopurinol — the go-to urate-lowering therapy (ULT) that changes the...
Hepatitis B Vaccination: Indications, Antibody Titers, and Non-Responder Management
1. Who Should Receive the Hepatitis B Vaccine Universal vaccination is recommended by CDC, WHO, and Thai MOPH: A. Infants Birth dose...
Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: Diagnosis and Management
Definition Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is an IgE-mediated inflammation of the nasal mucosa triggered by airborne allergens present...
Cellulitis & Erysipelas: Diagnosis, Severity Grading, and Management
1. Diagnosis Definitions Cellulitis : Acute infection involving deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue . Erysipelas : Acute infection...
P-Values in Regression: Beyond Thresholds—A Clinical-Grade Guide
1. What is a p -value in Regression, Really? A p -value tests how surprising your observed association (e.g., between age and systolic...
Modeling Repeated Measures in Clinical Research: Fixed and Random Effects Explained
Introduction In clinical research, data are frequently collected from the same individuals at multiple time points. These repeated...
Choosing the Right Regression Model in Clinical Research: A Practical Guide
Introduction Regression models form the cornerstone of modern clinical and epidemiologic analysis. Whether the aim is to understand risk...
How to Analyze Correlated Data in Clinical Research: A Stepwise Guide
Introduction Clinical research frequently involves data that are not statistically independent. Measurements may be taken repeatedly over...
How to Build a Clinical Prediction Model: A Step-by-Step Guide
Introduction Clinical prediction models (CPMs) are statistical tools designed to estimate the likelihood that a patient has—or will...
Symptom-Based Treatment Guide for Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE) in Adults: Diarrhea, Abdominal Cramping Pain, Nausea & Vomiting (N/V), and Fever Bacterial Diarrhea
Symptom First-Line Drug Dose & Frequency (Adult) Alternative (less preferred) Dose & Frequency (Adult) Notes Diarrhea Diosmectite 1...
Acute Monoarticular Gouty Arthritis: Diagnosis and Inpatient Management Guide
🩺 Provisional Diagnosis: Acute Monoarticular Gouty Arthritis 📋 Diagnosis Criteria (based on 2015 ACR/EULAR Gout Classification...
Diagnostic Added-Value Explained: How NRI and IDI Improve Test Evaluation, Net Reclassification Improvement
Introduction Adding a new test or biomarker to an existing diagnostic process might seem beneficial—but does it actually improve...
Beyond AUC: Understanding Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI)
Introduction When evaluating a new diagnostic test or biomarker, we often compare it against existing methods using the Area Under the...
From Test Result to Clinical Judgment: Predictive Values, Likelihood Ratios, and Post-Test Probability Explained
Introduction Diagnostic accuracy statistics like sensitivity and specificity describe how well a test performs in identifying disease...