Dexamethasone Tapering for the Clinician
Introduction Dexamethasone, a potent synthetic corticosteroid, is widely utilized in both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Its...
The Causes of a Tall R Wave in Lead V1
The electrocardiogram (EKG) is an indispensable tool in diagnosing a wide range of cardiac conditions. A tall R wave in lead V1 can be a...
Typical and Atypical Atrial Flutter
A high-yield comparison table for Typical vs. Atypical Atrial Flutter : Characteristic Typical Atrial Flutter Atypical Atrial Flutter...
Bifascicular Block: Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) and Left Anterior Fascicular Block (LAFB)
A bifascicular block is a combination of two conduction abnormalities, most commonly involving the right bundle branch block (RBBB) and...
Heparin: Usage, Dosing, and Management [Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH / Enoxaparin)]
A table for the Dosage and Administration of Heparin : Indication Loading Dose (Bolus) Maintenance Infusion Prophylactic Dose Monitoring...
DOACs and NOACs in Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
1. DOACs vs. NOACs : Terminology : While both terms are often used interchangeably, DOACs is now the more widely accepted term. NOAC,...
Comprehensive Guide to Interpreting STEMI on EKG ECG: Criteria, Gender Differences, and Lead Localization, Coronary Vascular Territory and Advanced Considerations
Introduction: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) presents as a spectrum of clinical conditions, primarily classified as ST-Elevation...
MRI with Gadolinium (GAD) Gadolinium and Kidney Disease: Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to visualize internal structures in the body. When combined...
Gout vs. Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) aka. pseudogout
Gout and Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease (CPPD) , also known as pseudogout , are two forms of crystal-induced arthritis that...
Antithyroid Drug Use in Graves' Disease (Hyperthyroidism): Methimazole (MMI) and Propylthiouracil (PTU) 2024
Graves' disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. The overproduction of thyroid hormones characterizes the condition due to an autoimmune process that stimulates the thyroid gland. When managing Graves' disease, especially in outpatient settings, it is essential to understand the pharmacologic treatment options, particularly antithyroid drugs (ATD). This article will delve into the step-by-step approach to using antithy
How to order Blenderized Diet (order BD), Breast milk (BM/IF), Enteral Nutrition in Adults and Pediatrics
Back Up App (Old Version Ver.1) Back Up App (Old Version Ver.2) Enteral nutrition is the preferred method for providing nutrition to...
Comprehensive Guide to Bleeding Disorders, Platelet Dysfunction, Thrombocytopenia, and Coagulopathy
Bleeding disorders encompass a range of conditions in which the body’s ability to form clots is impaired, leading to abnormal bleeding or...
AEIOU mnemonic Indications for Hemodialysis (HD)
As an internal medicine resident, you will encounter patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) who may...
Upper Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage (UGIB, UGIH) Management: Variceal Bleeding vs. Non-Variceal Bleeding
Managing upper gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage requires distinguishing between variceal and non-variceal bleeding, both of which...
Safe Correction of Hyponatremia in Clinical Practice: Preventing Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome [Lock-in Syndrome]
Limit the rate of sodium increase: The serum sodium should not be increased by more than 10-12 mmol/L in the first 24 hours, and no more...
Ischemic Stroke vs Hemorrhagic Stroke, The TOAST Classification, FAST VAN Protocol, BEFAST.
Stroke, a medical emergency characterized by the sudden onset of neurological deficits due to disrupted blood flow to the brain, requires...
Red man syndrome, also known as Vancomycin flushing syndrome (VFS)
Definition: Redman syndrome (RMS) is an infusion-related adverse reaction characterized by erythema, pruritus, and in severe cases,...
CPOMR Mnemonic for Assessing Altered Consciousness
A table for a short recap of the CPOMR mnemonic , which provides a quick and structured approach to assessing patients with altered...
Pleural Effusion: Light’s Criteria, Parapneumonic Effusions, Empyema Thoracis, American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP)
Definition Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pleural space, the cavity between the lungs and the chest...
Cannabis Toxidrome: Marijuana or Weed
Introduction: Cannabis, derived from the plant Cannabis sativa , is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances worldwide....
Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS)
1. Diagnostic Criteria for HHS Serum Glucose: > 600 mg/dL Serum Osmolality: > 320 mOsm/kg pH > 7.3 Bicarbonate > 15 mmol/L Minimal or...